Glacial retreat in the 1980s in the Breonie, Aurine and Pusteresi groups (eastern Alps, Italy) in Landsat TM images
نویسندگان
چکیده
In the Italian Alps, the majority of glaciers are small (less than 1 km), but cover a significant glaciated surface area, despite the fact that ground surveys have only dealt with the major glaciers. Analysis of some Landsat TM images taken at the end of the ablation season highlighted retreat modes in the 1980s on all glaciers in the Breonie, Aurine and Pusteresi groups (eastern Alps)—an area in which, in the early 1980s, large glaciers were advancing and small ones receding. A fuzzy set procedure used to identify glacier surfaces was based on integrated use of Landsat TM images and topographic data in a multisource decision making scheme (applied to bands 1, 3 and 5) to combine information derived from elevation, exposure and morphological aspects. Between 1985 and 1987, the loss of glaciated surface was almost 4 km (total area 33.04 km), the greatest retreat being found for the largest glaciers (>1 km). Between 1987 and 1989, the loss was less than 1 km and mostly involved small glaciers (0.5-0.05 km). Quantitative assessment of glacial evolution on large areas shows inside opposite trends which generally escape ground observation on selected glaciers and which may lead to improved estimation of water resources. La régression glaciaire des années 80 dans les massifs de Breonie, Aurine et Pusteresi (Aîpes orientales, Italie) observée grâce aux images Landsat TM Résumé Sur le versant italien des Alpes, bien que la surface occupée par de petits glaciers (moins d'1 km) soit considérable, les mesures sur le terrain ne concernent que les plus grands glaciers. L'analyse de certaines images Landsat TM enregistrées à la fin de la saison d'ablation nous a permis d'étudier les modalités de la régression des armées 80 sur la totalité des glaciers présents dans les massifs Breonie, Aurine, et Pusteresi (Alpes orientales) où, au début des années 80, nous avons assister à une extension des plus grands glaciers et à une décrue des plus petits. La théorie des ensembles flous adoptée pour estimer les surfaces des glaciers s'appuie sur l'utilisation combinée d'images Landsat TM et de données topographiques selon un processus décisionnel multisource (appliqué ici aux bandes 1,3 et 5) permettant de réunir des informations relatives à l'altitude, à l'exposition et aux aspects morphologiques. Les résultats de cette étude montrent qu'entre 1985 et 1987 la surface des glaciers a diminué de presque 4 km (sur un total de 33.04 km) et que ce sont les glaciers les plus grands qui ont le plus reculé. Entre 1987 et 1989, cette diminution est inférieure à 1 km et elle ne concerne presque exclusivement que les glaciers de dimensions comprises entre 0.05 et 0.5 km. L'évaluation quantitative de l'évolution glaciaire (y compris de celle des plus petits glaciers) permet de saisir des tendances contradictoires qui échappent en général aux observations sur le terrain et qui peuvent nous aider à mieux estimer les ressources hydriques. Open for discussion until 1 October 1999 280 Rossana Serandrei-Barbero et al.
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